What role do private commercial banks play in the economy?

Private commercial banks play a crucial role in the economy primarily by acting as creators of most money in the economy. They do this through the mechanism of fractional reserve banking, where banks are required to keep only a fraction of deposits on reserve and can lend out the remainder. This lending activity effectively multiplies the amount of money available in the economy, as loans create new deposits when borrowers spend that money.

When a bank issues a loan, it doesn't do so by merely transferring existing money; it creates new money by adding to the borrower's account, which increases the total money supply. This process is vital for facilitating economic activity, as it allows consumers and businesses to access funds for spending, investment, and growth. Thus, the function of private commercial banks in the money creation process is fundamental to the health and expansion of the economy, supporting both personal and commercial financing needs.