What does the law of demand state?

The law of demand states that, all else being equal, as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded by consumers decreases. This relationship reflects consumer behavior; when the price rises, consumers are less willing or able to purchase as much of the good, leading to a decrease in the quantity demanded. Conversely, when prices fall, quantity demanded typically increases, as consumers are more likely to purchase more due to the lower price.

The other options either misinterpret the relationship between price and demand or focus on supply factors. For example, while an increase in supply can lead to lower prices, this is a different economic principle related to supply and demand interaction. The misconception that demand remains constant regardless of price changes ignores the fundamental premise of demand responsiveness to price. Lastly, while increased demand can result in higher prices, it does not directly relate to the law of demand itself but rather addresses shifts in the demand curve rather than the movement along the curve caused by price changes.