How does a public good affect consumption among individuals?

A public good is characterized by its non-excludable and non-rivalrous consumption properties. This means that individuals can benefit from the good without diminishing its availability to others. When a public good is provided, such as national defense or a public park, one person's use of the good does not reduce its utility for someone else.

Consequently, because public goods can be consumed without depleting them, they encourage collective enjoyment and access. Individuals can freely benefit from them regardless of their willingness to pay, which can lead to a greater overall level of welfare in society.

This concept contrasts with private goods, where consumption by one individual does reduce the amount available for others, emphasizing the unique role that public goods play in economic consumption and resource allocation. The other options imply limitations or conditions associated with public goods that do not align with their fundamental characteristics.